Chemistry · Chapter 05
🧫 Acids & Bases
pH, neutralization, indicators.
💡 The pH Scale
Acids release H⁺ ions in water — they taste sour (lemon, vinegar). Bases release OH⁻ ions and feel slippery (soap, baking soda).
The pH scale goes from 0 to 14:
• 0–6 → acidic (stronger as you go lower)
• 7 → neutral (pure water)
• 8–14 → basic / alkaline (stronger as you go higher)
When an acid meets a base, they cancel each other out — that's neutralization. It produces water + a salt.
HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H₂O
pH scale — 0 (most acidic) to 14 (most basic), 7 = neutralWikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0
Litmus paper test — red for acid, blue for baseWikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 3.0
🎬
The pH Scale Live
AnimationMove the pH slider below — pointer slides across the scale, color of the liquid changes.
🧪
Test Common Liquids
ExperimentTap any liquid — see its pH and what it is.
LiquidPure water
pH value7
TypeNeutral